VOGEL通用控制器#VOGEL內部控制器#VOGEL福鳥控制器 德國(guo)VOGEL福鳥控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器是(shi)按(an)照預定順序(xu)(xu)改(gai)(gai)變主電(dian)路或(huo)(huo)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)電(dian)路的接線和(he)(he)改(gai)(gai)變電(dian)路中(zhong)電(dian)阻值來控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)電(dian)動機的啟動、調(diao)速(su)、制(zhi)動和(he)(he)反向的主令裝置。VOGEL控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器分組(zu)合邏輯控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器和(he)(he)微(wei)程(cheng)序(xu)(xu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器，兩種控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器各有長(chang)處和(he)(he)短處。組(zu)合邏輯控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器設計麻煩，結構復(fu)雜(za)，一(yi)旦設計完成，就不能再修改(gai)(gai)或(huo)(huo)擴(kuo)(kuo)充，但它的速(su)度快。微(wei)程(cheng)序(xu)(xu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器設計方便(bian)，結構簡單，修改(gai)(gai)或(huo)(huo)擴(kuo)(kuo)充都方便(bian)，修改(gai)(gai)一(yi)條(tiao)機器指令的功能，只需(xu)重編所對(dui)應(ying)的微(wei)程(cheng)序(xu)(xu)。 工作原理 有兩種(zhong)由于設(she)計方(fang)法不同因(yin)而結構也不同的(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)。微(wei)(wei)操(cao)作(zuo)是指不可再分(fen)解的(de)操(cao)作(zuo)，進行(xing)(xing)(xing)微(wei)(wei)操(cao)作(zuo)總(zong)是需要相(xiang)應(ying)的(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)信(xin)(xin)號（稱為微(wei)(wei)操(cao)作(zuo)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)信(xin)(xin)號或(huo)微(wei)(wei)操(cao)作(zuo)命令）。一臺數(shu)字計算機基本上可以劃分(fen)為兩大部(bu)分(fen)---控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)部(bu)件和執(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)部(bu)件。控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)就(jiu)(jiu)是控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)部(bu)件，而運算器(qi)、存儲器(qi)、外圍設(she)備(bei)相(xiang)對控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)來說就(jiu)(jiu)是執(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)部(bu)件。控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)部(bu)件與執(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)部(bu)件的(de)一種(zhong)就(jiu)(jiu)是通過(guo)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)線。控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)部(bu)件通過(guo)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)線向執(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)部(bu)件發出各種(zhong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命令，通常這種(zhong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命令叫做微(wei)(wei)命令，而執(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)部(bu)件接受微(wei)(wei)命令后所執(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)操(cao)作(zuo)就(jiu)(jiu)叫做微(wei)(wei)操(cao)作(zuo)。 控制部件與執行部件之間的(de)另 一(yi)種就是(shi)反饋信息(xi)。執(zhi)行(xing)部(bu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)通過(guo)反饋線向(xiang)控(kong)制部(bu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)反映(ying)操(cao)作(zuo)情況(kuang)，以便使(shi)得控(kong)制部(bu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)根據執(zhi)行(xing)部(bu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)狀態來下達新的(de)微(wei)命令，這也叫(jiao)做“狀態測(ce)試”。微(wei)操(cao)作(zuo)在執(zhi)行(xing)部(bu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)中是(shi)組基本的(de)操(cao)作(zuo)。由于(yu)數據通路(lu)的(de)結(jie)構關系(xi)，微(wei)操(cao)作(zuo)可分(fen)為 相(xiang)容(rong)性和相(xiang)斥性兩種。在機器的(de)(de)一(yi)個CPU周期中，一(yi)組(zu)實(shi)現(xian)一(yi)定操(cao)作功(gong)能(neng)的(de)(de)微(wei)(wei)命令(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)的(de)(de)組(zu)合，構(gou)(gou)成(cheng)一(yi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)微(wei)(wei)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)令(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)。一(yi)般的(de)(de)微(wei)(wei)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)令(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)格式由操(cao)作控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和順序控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兩部分(fen)構(gou)(gou)成(cheng)。操(cao)作控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)部分(fen)用(yong)來發出(chu)管(guan)理和指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)揮全機工作的(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)信(xin)號。其順序控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)部分(fen)用(yong)來決定產生下一(yi)個微(wei)(wei)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)令(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)的(de)(de)地址(zhi)。事實(shi)上一(yi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)機器指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)令(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)的(de)(de)功(gong)能(neng)是(shi)由許多條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)微(wei)(wei)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)令(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)組(zu)成(cheng)的(de)(de)序列來實(shi)現(xian)的(de)(de)。這個微(wei)(wei)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)令(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)序列通常叫做微(wei)(wei)程序。既然微(wei)(wei)程序是(shi)有(you)微(wei)(wei)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)令(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)組(zu)成(cheng)的(de)(de)，那么當(dang)(dang)執行當(dang)(dang)前的(de)(de)一(yi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)微(wei)(wei)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)令(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)的(de)(de)時候(hou)。必須指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)后(hou)繼(ji)微(wei)(wei)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)令(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)的(de)(de)地址(zhi)，以便當(dang)(dang)前一(yi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)微(wei)(wei)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)令(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)執行完(wan)畢(bi)以后(hou)，取下一(yi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)微(wei)(wei)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)令(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)執行。 VOGEL通用控制器#VOGEL內部控制器#VOGEL福鳥控制器 
VOGEL通用控制器#VOGEL內部控制器#VOGEL福鳥控制器 微程序控制的基本思路 微(wei)(wei)(wei)程(cheng)序(xu)控制（簡稱微(wei)(wei)(wei)碼控制）的(de)基本思路是(shi)：用微(wei)(wei)(wei)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)令(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)產生微(wei)(wei)(wei)操作命(ming)令(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)，用若(ruo)干條(tiao)微(wei)(wei)(wei)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)令(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)組(zu)成一(yi)(yi)段微(wei)(wei)(wei)程(cheng)序(xu)實現一(yi)(yi)條(tiao)機(ji)器(qi)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)令(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)的(de)功能(neng)（為(wei)了加以區別，將(jiang)前面所講的(de)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)令(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)稱為(wei)機(ji)器(qi)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)令(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)）。設機(ji)器(qi)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)令(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)M執行時(shi)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)三(san)個階(jie)段，每個階(jie)段需(xu)(xu)要(yao)發(fa)出(chu)如下(xia)命(ming)令(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)：階(jie)段一(yi)(yi)發(fa)送(song)K1、K8命(ming)令(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)，階(jie)段二(er)發(fa)送(song)K0、K2、K3、K4命(ming)令(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)，階(jie)段三(san)發(fa)送(song)K9命(ming)令(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)。當將(jiang)*條(tiao)微(wei)(wei)(wei)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)令(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)送(song)到微(wei)(wei)(wei)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)令(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)寄(ji)存器(qi)時(shi)，微(wei)(wei)(wei)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)令(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)寄(ji)存器(qi)的(de)K1和K8為(wei)1，即發(fa)出(chu)K1和K8命(ming)令(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)，該(gai)微(wei)(wei)(wei)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)令(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)下(xia)一(yi)(yi)條(tiao)微(wei)(wei)(wei)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)令(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)地址為(wei)00101，從中取(qu)(qu)出(chu)第(di)二(er)條(tiao)微(wei)(wei)(wei)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)令(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)，送(song)到微(wei)(wei)(wei)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)令(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)寄(ji)存器(qi)時(shi)將(jiang)發(fa)出(chu)K0、K2、K3、K4命(ming)令(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)，接下(xia)來是(shi)取(qu)(qu)第(di)三(san)條(tiao)微(wei)(wei)(wei)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)令(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)，發(fa)K9命(ming)令(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)。 微程序控制器的組成 （1）控制存儲器(qi)(qi)（contmlMemory）用(yong)來存放各(ge)機器(qi)(qi)指(zhi)(zhi)令(ling)對(dui)應的(de)微(wei)(wei)程(cheng)(cheng)序。譯碼器(qi)(qi)用(yong)來形(xing)成機器(qi)(qi)指(zhi)(zhi)令(ling)對(dui)應的(de)微(wei)(wei)程(cheng)(cheng)序的(de)入口地址。當將(jiang)一條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)機器(qi)(qi)指(zhi)(zhi)令(ling)對(dui)應的(de)微(wei)(wei)程(cheng)(cheng)序的(de)各(ge)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)微(wei)(wei)指(zhi)(zhi)令(ling)逐(zhu)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)取出(chu)，并送(song)到微(wei)(wei)指(zhi)(zhi)令(ling)寄存器(qi)(qi)時，其微(wei)(wei)操作命令(ling)也就按(an)事先(xian)的(de)設計發(fa)出(chu)，因(yin)而也就完(wan)成了(le)一條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)機器(qi)(qi)指(zhi)(zhi)令(ling)的(de)功(gong)能。對(dui)每(mei)一條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)機器(qi)(qi)指(zhi)(zhi)令(ling)都  是如此。（2）微指(zhi)令的寬度直接決定了微程(cheng)序控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)的寬度。為了簡化控(kong)制(zhi)存儲器(qi)，可采取一(yi)些措施來(lai)縮(suo)短微指(zhi)令的寬度。如采用字(zi)(zi)段譯(yi)(yi)碼法(fa)一(yi)級分段譯(yi)(yi)碼。顯然，微指(zhi)令的控(kong)制(zhi)字(zi)(zi)段將大(da)大(da)縮(suo)短。，一(yi)些要同時產生的微操作命(ming)令不能安(an)排在同一(yi)個字(zi)(zi)段中。為了進(jin)一(yi)步縮(suo)短控(kong)制(zhi)字(zi)(zi)段，還可以將字(zi)(zi)段譯(yi)(yi)碼設計(ji)成(cheng)兩(liang)級或多級。 |
是如此。（2）微指(zhi)令的寬度直接決定了微程(cheng)序控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)的寬度。為了簡化控(kong)制(zhi)存儲器(qi)，可采取一(yi)些措施來(lai)縮(suo)短微指(zhi)令的寬度。如采用字(zi)(zi)段譯(yi)(yi)碼法(fa)一(yi)級分段譯(yi)(yi)碼。顯然，微指(zhi)令的控(kong)制(zhi)字(zi)(zi)段將大(da)大(da)縮(suo)短。，一(yi)些要同時產生的微操作命(ming)令不能安(an)排在同一(yi)個字(zi)(zi)段中。為了進(jin)一(yi)步縮(suo)短控(kong)制(zhi)字(zi)(zi)段，還可以將字(zi)(zi)段譯(yi)(yi)碼設計(ji)成(cheng)兩(liang)級或多級。